What kind of actions would be classified under information warfare?

Information warfare encompasses tactics that aim to manipulate information in order to gain a strategic advantage over adversaries or to influence public perception. Cyber attacks that focus on the modification, disruption, or theft of data fall squarely within this category. Such actions can include hacking into systems to alter or delete data, disseminating false information through social media or other digital platforms, and engaging in psychological operations that exploit information to undermine trust or create confusion among target audiences.

By focusing on manipulating information rather than engaging in direct physical confrontations, information warfare leverages the power of information as a weapon. This strategic approach allows for subtle yet impactful operations that can significantly disrupt an opponent's decision-making process or diminish their operational effectiveness.

The other options—conventional military attacks, public negotiations, and parliamentary hearings—do not fall under information warfare. Conventional military attacks are physical engagements rather than information-centric actions. Public negotiations and parliamentary hearings pertain to diplomatic and legislative processes, which are more about political maneuvering and dialogue rather than the manipulation of information in a warfare context.